The Soyuz TMA-01M (officially called the Soyuz TMA-M ) is the first Soyuz spacecraft that incorporates a digital telemetry system , and a smaller central computer and light. It was launched on October 7, 2010 and is currently docked to the module Poisk the Russian segment of ISS. The home time is coming and will land the next day March 16 with Alexander Kaleri, Oleg Skrípochka and Scott Kelly, members of Expedition 26. However, it appears that maiden flight is becoming more problematic than expected.
Launch of Soyuz TMA-01M on 7 October (Roskosmos).
the Soyuz Crew TMA-01M: Kelly, Kaleri and Skrípochka (NASA).
During the launch, the cabin pressure experienced a slight increase because of a small oxygen leak, a problem that had already experienced the Soyuz TMA-19. Although the pressure must be maintained around 760 mm Hg (1 atmosphere), even reached 933 mm Hg. A priori, there is a particular problem, but recently we learned that the oxygen inside the capsule (SA) reached 35.9% , an alarming figure which greatly increases the risk of fire within the ship. In the Soyuz TMA-18 took a similar problem, but rather during landing takeoff. On this occasion, the crew had to open a valve to reduce pressure inside the vehicle, a somewhat irregular procedure. The manufacturer of the Soyuz, RKK Energy, argues that the cause of this bug has already been identified and corrected.
position of the Soyuz TMA-01M in the ISS (NASA).
But another problem has arisen potentially more dangerous it can affect the return of the TMA-01M. It appears that the control console Neptun-ME HS presented certain problems during takeoff and solo trip to the station two days. In fact, last month, Alexander Kaleri examined using an ammeter M4294M console to look for possible errors in the system. During reentry, the HS 20M KS0 computer controls the descent of the craft properly oriented to allow the deceleration does not exceed 3-5 g. If the control system is not working properly, reentry could be compromised or, worse yet, the crew could receive incorrect data in the console Neptun.
Parties to the Soyuz (Roskosmos).
Panel Neptun-ME of the Soyuz TMA / TMA-M.
If there is any real problem with the console or computer, one solution might be to return to Earth with a ballistic entry (BS, Баллистический Спуск, БС), previously performed by the Soyuz TMA-1 , TMA-10 and TMA-11. During a ballistic entry, the capsule turns on itself at a speed of 12.5 degrees per second and the computer dampens any lateral motion using 8 small engines (URMD) of 10 kgf thrust based on hydrogen peroxide. The ship continued to turn prevents decrease the deceleration by adjusting the position of center of gravity of SA and some uncomfortable usually reach 8-9 g.
However, although it may seem otherwise, this is a safer method than normal, since the crew will arrive safely to Earth even if the computer or control system is faulty. In a ballistic entry trajectory is more direct and the landing point is located about 400 km from the expected behind the forward direction of the Soyuz orbital. Failure to activate the entry Ballistic, the spacecraft has a backup system called Downhill Ballistic Reserve or BSR (Баллистический Спуск Резервный, БСР), during which the capsule rotates 18 ° per second and the computer can not absorb any another lateral movement. As a last resort, the crew may opt for a manual re-entry (RUS), although no one has ever attempted and operations manuals Soyuz clearly discouraged this alternative.
Scheme propellants SIO-S system of the capsule (SA) Soyuz re-entry control (NASA).
For these reasons, it seems that RKK Energia is weighing the possibility of returning to the Soyuz TMA-01M using a ballistic descent to avoid greater evils. On the other hand, problems with this ship could also explain the recent refusal of Roskosmos to carry out the photo shoot during last season mission STS-133 Discovery .
The TMA-M series (Series 700 or 11FA732A47) incorporates developments that have already been introduced in the series Progress MM (Series 400) in 2008. The main improvement is the replacement of the central computer of the ship Argon-16 (Аргон-16) for a new one called TsVM-101 (ЦВМ-101). This computer weighs only 8.5 kg and its power is 40-60 W. Also integrates a RISC microprocessor architecture 1B812 3081. Located in the propulsion module (PAO) of the Soyuz, in the pressurized compartment. The further improvement of the series is the introduction of digital telemetry system Mbits, it also features a lighter wiring.
Changes to the Soyuz TMA-M: green, the new telemetry system MBit SBI, in red, new appliances SUDN computer system, in blue, improvements in temperature control system RTOS.
These problems show us how difficult it is to work in space, where there is no such thing as "routine." Never mind that the Soyuz is a very safe ship proven, space is always a surprise in store for you.
Launch of Soyuz TMA-01M on 7 October (Roskosmos).
the Soyuz Crew TMA-01M: Kelly, Kaleri and Skrípochka (NASA).
During the launch, the cabin pressure experienced a slight increase because of a small oxygen leak, a problem that had already experienced the Soyuz TMA-19. Although the pressure must be maintained around 760 mm Hg (1 atmosphere), even reached 933 mm Hg. A priori, there is a particular problem, but recently we learned that the oxygen inside the capsule (SA) reached 35.9% , an alarming figure which greatly increases the risk of fire within the ship. In the Soyuz TMA-18 took a similar problem, but rather during landing takeoff. On this occasion, the crew had to open a valve to reduce pressure inside the vehicle, a somewhat irregular procedure. The manufacturer of the Soyuz, RKK Energy, argues that the cause of this bug has already been identified and corrected.
position of the Soyuz TMA-01M in the ISS (NASA).
But another problem has arisen potentially more dangerous it can affect the return of the TMA-01M. It appears that the control console Neptun-ME HS presented certain problems during takeoff and solo trip to the station two days. In fact, last month, Alexander Kaleri examined using an ammeter M4294M console to look for possible errors in the system. During reentry, the HS 20M KS0 computer controls the descent of the craft properly oriented to allow the deceleration does not exceed 3-5 g. If the control system is not working properly, reentry could be compromised or, worse yet, the crew could receive incorrect data in the console Neptun.
Parties to the Soyuz (Roskosmos).
Panel Neptun-ME of the Soyuz TMA / TMA-M.
If there is any real problem with the console or computer, one solution might be to return to Earth with a ballistic entry (BS, Баллистический Спуск, БС), previously performed by the Soyuz TMA-1 , TMA-10 and TMA-11. During a ballistic entry, the capsule turns on itself at a speed of 12.5 degrees per second and the computer dampens any lateral motion using 8 small engines (URMD) of 10 kgf thrust based on hydrogen peroxide. The ship continued to turn prevents decrease the deceleration by adjusting the position of center of gravity of SA and some uncomfortable usually reach 8-9 g.
However, although it may seem otherwise, this is a safer method than normal, since the crew will arrive safely to Earth even if the computer or control system is faulty. In a ballistic entry trajectory is more direct and the landing point is located about 400 km from the expected behind the forward direction of the Soyuz orbital. Failure to activate the entry Ballistic, the spacecraft has a backup system called Downhill Ballistic Reserve or BSR (Баллистический Спуск Резервный, БСР), during which the capsule rotates 18 ° per second and the computer can not absorb any another lateral movement. As a last resort, the crew may opt for a manual re-entry (RUS), although no one has ever attempted and operations manuals Soyuz clearly discouraged this alternative.
Scheme propellants SIO-S system of the capsule (SA) Soyuz re-entry control (NASA).
For these reasons, it seems that RKK Energia is weighing the possibility of returning to the Soyuz TMA-01M using a ballistic descent to avoid greater evils. On the other hand, problems with this ship could also explain the recent refusal of Roskosmos to carry out the photo shoot during last season mission STS-133 Discovery .
The TMA-M series (Series 700 or 11FA732A47) incorporates developments that have already been introduced in the series Progress MM (Series 400) in 2008. The main improvement is the replacement of the central computer of the ship Argon-16 (Аргон-16) for a new one called TsVM-101 (ЦВМ-101). This computer weighs only 8.5 kg and its power is 40-60 W. Also integrates a RISC microprocessor architecture 1B812 3081. Located in the propulsion module (PAO) of the Soyuz, in the pressurized compartment. The further improvement of the series is the introduction of digital telemetry system Mbits, it also features a lighter wiring.
Changes to the Soyuz TMA-M: green, the new telemetry system MBit SBI, in red, new appliances SUDN computer system, in blue, improvements in temperature control system RTOS.
These problems show us how difficult it is to work in space, where there is no such thing as "routine." Never mind that the Soyuz is a very safe ship proven, space is always a surprise in store for you.
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